Acid - Base

There is two character of solution depend on its pH, acidic and basic character. First, acidic is character of solution where excess of H+ . And on the contrary basic is leak of H+. Bronsted and Lowry defined acid as proton donor, and base as acceptor of proton. NormalBrønsted-Lowry equation: acid + base acid + base. For example: HNO2(aq) + H2O(aq) NO2-(aq)+ H3O+(aq). Each acid has a conjugate base and each base has a conjugate acid. These conjugate pairs only differ by a proton. In this example: NO2- is the conjugate base of the acid HNO2 and H3O+ is the conjugate acid of the base H2O. Lux-Flood also has its definition of acid-base. Lux-Flood declare acid-base on the melt oxide which base is donor of oxyde and acid is oxyde acceptor. Nevertheless, on solution system, acid is things that increase the character/concentration of its cation, and base is things that increase the anion characters/concentrations. Arrhenius defines acid: generates [H+] in solution, base: generates [OH-] in solution. Normal Arrhenius equation: acid + base salt + water. For example: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l). Lewis defines acid: accepts an electron pair, base: donates an electron pair. The advantage of this theory is that many more reactions can be considered acid-base reactions because they do not have to occur in solution.

Acidic and Basic Condition very influence the macroscopy and microscopy organism. The nature of organism just can live on the neutral condition where the pH of the environment is approximately 7. But there is organism that can live on the extreme condition where the acid or basic character is high. Organism like that has to adapt their physical part to hold up on the environment such that. Organism that can live on the extreme condition usually called as extrememophile.

In the chemical reaction, acidic and basic character also has important role. It's can regulate the result of the reaction. For example, there is reaction which just can react on the acid condition, and vice versa. And there is effect when the reaction must set to acidic condition but in the practice we use basic condition. Things such that will get the reaction unpredictable or wrong.